Heating water for your home can be very expensive. If you would like to spend less money on heating water, consider the addition of a solar water heater. These water heating systems can be installed in many different geographic areas. They are effective enough in some areas to make water heating free.
You will notice that solar heating systems come in two different general types. The one which works best for you will depend on your geographic location. In warm locations, a passive solar tank, a black plastic tank which is installed on the roof and allows water to be warmed in the sun may be all that is necessary. In other areas, an active system will work best. The active system has solar collection panels installed on the roof that either allow the water to pass through for heating or use a heat exchange solution for heating the water in the storage tank.
With the passive solar water heater, the tank is black as this allows for the most heat to be absorbed from the sun. The amount of water in the tank is controlled by a float mechanism which regulates the amount of water in the tank. Heated water flows into the home using gravity pressure. As the hot water is emptied from the tank, it is replenished using cold water from the supply line.
Since the solar heating tank can be very heavy when filled with water, the roof may need to be strengthened to support its weight. Solar collector panels however are light and will not require any additional support.
The passive systems are not appropriate for colder climates.
One way to install a solar water system is to use it as a pre-heater so that your tank is not filled with cold water but water that has been warmed by the sun in the collector panel. This water then fills a normal water heater that is fueled with gas or electricity. Other systems use a pump to draw cold water from the storage tank and pass it through the collectors to be heated. In either of the cases, if the solar system is not able to keep the water at the correct temperature, the secondary source of heat will come on so that water is always at the correct temperature.
With active systems, it is important to face the collector panels so that they get the most heat gain. They work very well on flat roofs, but if you do not have a flat roof, then they should be on the south facing side of the home’s roof.
You will have special instructions for protecting your system any time there is the danger of a freeze. Not following these instructions can cause major damage to your water heating system.
In climates where winters can become very cold, a heat exchange system is more appropriate for the solar system. This active system uses a heat transfer solution in the solar collector. The solution is passed through a heat exchange system in the storage tank to heat the water. The solution then continues through the solar collectors once again.
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